Automated Detection of Architectural Detection in Mammograms Using Template Matching
O'tega A. Ejofodomi,
Edikan Nse Gideon,
Gbenga Olalekan Oladipo,
Etse Rosemary Oshomah
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
1-6
Received:
31 March 2014
Accepted:
15 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: Breast Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and its early detection increases the survival rate and treatment options available to patients. Computer-Aided-Detection (CAD) systems have been developed to assist radiologists with the task of locating cancer in mammograms. Unfortunately, these CAD systems have demonstrated less than 50% efficiency in detecting Architectural Distortions (AD), which is a sign of breast cancer. This paper presents a method of detecting AD with better sensitivity results. Forty mammograms containing AD were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM). Each mammogram was preprocessed using breast segmentation techniques to extract the breast region from the mammogram. The mammograms were enhanced using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE). Next, the enhanced mammograms were filtered with a bank of 180 Gabor filters to extract the texture orientation from the images. Based on the fact that ADs contain spicules radiating in all direction, AD templates were designed in MATLAB. These templates were cross-correlated with the Gabor filtered mammograms to obtain ROIs that were most likely to contain ADs. The developed algorithm is intended to assist the radiologist by flagging regions likely to contain AD, prompting the radiologist to take a closer look at those regions. The current algorithm developed in MATLAB automatically flags seven suspicious blocks of 25 by 25 pixels per image, and demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.5% with a False Positive per Image (FPI) of 5.2. Future work will focus on the reduction of FPI.
Abstract: Breast Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and its early detection increases the survival rate and treatment options available to patients. Computer-Aided-Detection (CAD) systems have been developed to assist radiologists with the task of locating cancer in mammograms. Unfortunately, these CAD systems have demonstrated less than 50% effic...
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Incidence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
Samuel S. Antwi-Baffour,
Kwadwo Adarkwah-Yiadom,
Ransford Kyeremeh,
David Nana Adjei,
Mahmood S. Abdulai,
Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
7-10
Received:
24 April 2014
Accepted:
10 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients deserve serious attention regarding their Hepatitis B status because episodes of jaundice in the disease may be misleading in many cases. It may either be part of the chronic haemolysis they experience or due to blood transfusion (supportive therapy) related hepatotropic viral infections (Hepatitis-B). The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of Hepatitis B virus infection due to transfusion therapy among SCD patients. Venous blood samples were taken from 202 consenting SCD patients. Haemoglobin-electrophoresis was done to determine the sickling status and Haemoglobin (Hb) genotype of each patient. The samples were then tested for Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) using the immunochromatographic method. A questionnaire correlating Hepatitis-B infection and history of blood transfusion was used to obtain other data from the patients. Out of 202 patients who participated in the study, 87 were males and 115 females. The Hb genotype distributions were as follows: SS (128), SC (66), S-β thal (5), CC (2) and SE (1). 99 out of the 202 had a history of blood transfusion. The frequency of HBsAg in the participants was 3.5% and the relative risk of infection by blood transfusion was 2%. It was found that sickle cell disease patients are not at a major risk of hepatitis B viral infection due to transfusion therapy because of the use of properly screened donor blood. However, there remains a significant risk by donations from infected donors who have not yet developed detectable HBsAg levels.
Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients deserve serious attention regarding their Hepatitis B status because episodes of jaundice in the disease may be misleading in many cases. It may either be part of the chronic haemolysis they experience or due to blood transfusion (supportive therapy) related hepatotropic viral infections (Hepatitis-B). The aim of ...
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