Histology Biomarkers in Muscle and Ovary of Mangrove Crab, Perisesarma bidens Exposed to Profenofos
A. Maharajan,
V. Ganapiriya,
K. Shanmugavel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-8
Received:
7 January 2017
Accepted:
24 January 2017
Published:
21 February 2017
Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to afford information on the outcome of profenofos on the crab, Perisesarma bidens, a biologically momentous mangrove crab. The crabs were exposed to profenofos concentrations of 0.038ppm and 0.076 ppm (sublethal) for 28 days. The muscle tissue showed disintegrated epidermis with vacuolation, gap formation in between the muscle bundles, necrosis, marked thickening and separation of muscle bundle and pronounced intramuscular oedema with minor dystrophic changes. The histopathological changes in the ovary are destruction of epithelial layer with oocytes degeneration and disorganization of nucleus, pycnosis of nutritive cells and oogonial cells, loosely arranged epithelial cells and vacuolization. The histopathological changes induce toxicity at cellular level and hence all possible measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of profenofos toxicity in the aquatic environment and crustaceans.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to afford information on the outcome of profenofos on the crab, Perisesarma bidens, a biologically momentous mangrove crab. The crabs were exposed to profenofos concentrations of 0.038ppm and 0.076 ppm (sublethal) for 28 days. The muscle tissue showed disintegrated epidermis with vacuolation, gap formation in bet...
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Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Myrianthus arboreus
Awodi Patience Ilecholubo,
Abbah Christopher Okpachi,
Ejembi Daniel Ocholi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
9-13
Received:
17 January 2017
Accepted:
29 January 2017
Published:
22 February 2017
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical compositions and in vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Myrianthus arboreus plant. The phytochemical analysis was determined using standard laboratory methods and the in vitro antioxidant properties assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Reducing Power assay. The leaf extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and total phenol. These phytochemicals are in varying concentrations: saponins (2.05±0.02mg/g), flavonoids (0.33 ± 0.02mg/g), alkaloids (0.02±0.00mg/g), tannins (5.32 ± 0.01mg/g), total phenol (11.02 ± 1.00mg/g) and glycosides (0.48 ± 0.00mg/g). Also, the result of the antioxidant studies revealed that the percentage inhibition of Myrianthus arboreus aqueous leaf extract against free radical at different concentrations of 125µg/ml, 100µg/ml, 75µg/ml, 50µg/ml and 25µg/ml for both assays gave 74.4% and 64.5% respectively as compared to the standard (Ascorbic acid) values of 101.0% and 94.1%. Thus, the antioxidant activity of the extract was significant (p<0.05) for both assays when compared with the standard. However, the Reducing Power assay revealed increased significance. This implies that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Myrianthus arboreus leaf extract is lower than the standard ascorbic acid and therefore suggests that it is a potent antioxidant capable of scavenging excess free radicals. In conclusion, it can be deduced that the phytochemical compositions especially the total phenols which are higher in concentration when compared with other phytochemicals are responsible for the antioxidant properties of the plant and can invariably serve as natural supplements of antioxidant in foods and pharmaceutical products.
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical compositions and in vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Myrianthus arboreus plant. The phytochemical analysis was determined using standard laboratory methods and the in vitro antioxidant properties assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scaven...
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