Investigation on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Bedele Woreda Prisoners, Southwest Ethiopia
Bula Boru Winsa,
Abdurehman Eshete Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
69-73
Received:
11 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
27 October 2015
Abstract: Back ground: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease. One third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium. Ethiopia ranks 8th among the world’s top 22 countries severely affected by TB.TB is recognized as a major public health problem in the prisons of sub-Saharan Africa and it remains one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in resource limited countries. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among Bedele woreda prisoners. In addition to this, it will increase the awareness of the prisoners about tuberculosis and used as baseline data for the concerned bodies for the control and prevention of tuberculosis in the prison population. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bedele woreda prison and a total of 196 prisoners were enrolled in this study. All suspected prisoners; who had cough for two weeks and more were included. The sputum was collected spot morning spot with screw caped plastic container and sodium hypochlorite technique was used to concentrate the bacilli and stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were computed and P-value < 0.05 was used as statically significance. Result: Out of 196 prisoners screened for pulmonary tuberculosis, 43(21.9%) of the prisoners were positive for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). The minimum and maximum age was 18 and 80 respectively. Most of the AFB positive prisoners were male. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis associated risk factors like cough ≥2 weeks (AOR=0.016, 95% CI: 0.002-0.114, P value <0.05) and history of TB in the group (AOR=0.003, 95% CI: 0.000-0.033, P value <0.05) had significant association with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: We conclude that a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in Bedele woreda prisoners, which was greater than the general population.
Abstract: Back ground: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease. One third of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium. Ethiopia ranks 8th among the world’s top 22 countries severely affected by TB.TB is recognized as a major public health problem in the prisons of sub-Saharan Africa and it remains one of the leading cause of morbidity ...
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Towards Zoonotic Importance of Toxoplasma Infection in Central Afar Region, North East Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
74-81
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
3 December 2015
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is one of the major global zoonotic diseases which have a great impact on human health with more serious outcomes in immunocompromised and pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community towards zoonotic importance of the disease in central Afar region of Northeast Ethiopia using structured questionnaire, key informants interview and focal group discussion. According to the logistic regression analysis of pregnant women’s awareness on zoonotic Toxoplasma infection, literacy was found statistically significant (P<0.05) in association with awareness of the pregnant women about the disease. According to the respondents’ answers on the general knowledge of toxoplasmosis, majority of these pregnant women have no knowledge or not sure about this parasitic infection. Most of the respondent pregnant women were not sure about the risk factors, symptoms, and timing of infection of toxoplasmosis. However, they routinely practice primary preventive behaviors, particularly good hygienic condition that can prevent them from Toxoplasma infection but this is due to their native knowledge and thinking that ensuring general and personal hygiene can prevent all types of infection. During the study, 24 animal health assistants were participated and almost all had knowledge on zoonotic Toxoplasma infection, transmission, treatment, control and prevention. However, all of them had never diagnosed the disease in animals. Moreover, out of the 68 medical professionals included in the study, only 23 (33.8%) had knowledge on zoonotic Toxoplasma infection which is lower than expected when compared with importance of the disease in human health particularly pregnant women and children. This study showed that there is knowledge gap about the disease and its zoonotic importance. Therefore, refreshing training to medical professionals including health extension workers, imparting health education in one health approach to the community at large and pregnant women in particular and strengthening the diagnostic facility and advising pregnant women to regularly check for toxoplasma infection is mandatory.
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is one of the major global zoonotic diseases which have a great impact on human health with more serious outcomes in immunocompromised and pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community towards zoonotic importance of the disease in central Afar region of Northeas...
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Polymethyl Methacrylate Phantom on CT Imaging to Evaluate Size-Specific Effective Dose in Pediatric and Adult Body
Alamgir Hossain,
Samiron Kumar Saha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
82-88
Received:
4 December 2015
Accepted:
14 December 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Background: Computed tomography (CT) scan is very important for the measurement of effective dose. A patient size-dependent factor is used to estimate patient dose from scanner output indices for patients of different sizes. The size dependent factor is used over a range of patient sizes, and extends to adult and pediatric patients as well as obese ones. Objective: This research was performed the estimation of size-specific effective dose during CT scan of brain of patients by using PMMA 16 cm reference phantom for treatment planning. Materials and methods: We were included pediatric and adult body patients and Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Phantom to evaluate size specific effective dose. We were used AAPM Report No. 204 as protocol in all the works. To measure size specific effective dose, we were used Lateral (LA), anterior posterior (AP), and effective diameter of the patients with reference Phantom PMMA 32 cm on CT imaging. Results: The effective dose had been calculated for different patients after CT scan of head or brain. To estimate the size-specific effective dose, different parameters like (AP), lateral (LAT), AP+LAT dimension, effective diameter, dose length product (DLP) and size specific dose estimate (SSDE) had been calculated. The estimated value of effective dose was in the range of (346-587) mSv. The relations of effective diameter with AP, LAT, AP+LAT dimension, SSDE and age of the patients had been analyzed. Conclusion: By knowing the effective diameter of the slice of patient’s CT image, a doctor can easily estimate the size-specific effective dose for CT scan of the patients. It was also noted that without knowing effective diameter, a doctor or medical physicist can estimate the size-specific effective dose depend on the patient’s age.
Abstract: Background: Computed tomography (CT) scan is very important for the measurement of effective dose. A patient size-dependent factor is used to estimate patient dose from scanner output indices for patients of different sizes. The size dependent factor is used over a range of patient sizes, and extends to adult and pediatric patients as well as obese...
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